Using Sex Pheromone Traps in the Decision-Making Process for Pesticide Application against Fall Armyworm (<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> [Smith] [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]) Larvae in Maize
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چکیده
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of maize and frequently demands control measures. The timing of insecticide application is a key factor in determining its efficiency, so an experiment was designed to investigate this. Application of insecticide was based on three criteria: (i) the number of trap-caught moths in a Delta-type trap with a commercial sex pheromone lure placed in the center of the target area, soon after plant emergence; (ii) the percentage of plants exhibiting pinhole-type damage (10% or 20%), and (iii) the percentage of plants exhibiting shot hole–type damage (10% or 20%) compared to a check plot without any control measures. We found that the number of trap-caught moths was, compared to the other methods, the C R U Z E T A L . , I N T E R N A T I O N A L J O U R N A L O F P E S T M A N A G E M E N T 5 8 (2 0 1 2 ) 2 best means of deciding on insecticide application in maize to control the fall armyworm. Using pheromone traps, we obtained the best performance of the insecticide Spinosad, causing >90% larval mortality. Without insecticide application, maize yield reduction due to fall armyworm larva damage was 39%.
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